Flexible Multi-wideband Wearable Antenna for Preliminary Evaluation of Tumour Detection in Breast Phantom Model

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Published: Mar 19, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v14i4.2689
URL: https://aem.org.cn/article/article_1785906366138_00254688e2
Keywords:
Artificial Magnetic Conductor Breast tumour detection Directional radiation Specific Absorption Rate Wearable antenna

Main Article Content

Sheng Chong Chua
Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
Raimi Dewan
Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
Faishal Adilah Suryanata
Advanced Radio Frequency & Microwave Research Group, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
Man Seng Sim
Department of Communication Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
Maria Alessandra Sabiniano Florida
Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
Kok Yeow You
Department of Communication Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
Mohamad Kamal A Rahim
Mohamad Kamal A Rahim

Abstract

The growing demand for non-invasive and wearable breast cancer diagnostic tools has driven the development of flexible and wearable antennas for microwave imaging. This study presents a flexible multi-wideband wearable antenna designed for breast tumour detection, with targeted operation at the 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band which fabricated on a breathable cotton substrate with a 0.035 mm copper layer, the antenna measures 83 × 60 × 1.52 mm³ and is backed by a 2×3 Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) array to enhance the gain whilst suppressing back radiation. Simulations and measurements are conducted in free space and on a realistic three-layer breast phantom consisting of skin, fat and glandular which is properly characterise in terms of electrical parameter has successfully, demonstrate a directional radiation, strong resonance at 2.4 GHz and wideband performance above 5.04 GHz. The antenna exhibits insensitivity to bending angle up to 60° and exhibits a low Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) value of 0.23 W/kg (10 g), ensuring safety compliance for wearable use to human skin proximity. While the current design supports tumour detection with varying sizes between 2–10 mm, future work will focus on extending the bandwidth below 5 GHz and miniaturizing the structure for enhanced early-stage diagnosis.

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How to Cite
SHENG CHONG CHUA, RAIMI DEWAN, FAISHAL ADILAH SURYANATA, MAN SENG SIM, MARIA ALESSANDRA SABINIANO FLORIDA, KOK YEOW YOU, MOHAMAD KAMAL A RAHIM. Flexible Multi-wideband Wearable Antenna for Preliminary Evaluation of Tumour Detection in Breast Phantom Model. Advanced Electromagnetics, v. 14, n. 4, p. 1-10, 2026. https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v14i4.2689.
Issue
Vol.14.NO.4(2025)
Section
Research Articles
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